Penny Moore Moore is the South African Research Chair in Virus-Host Dynamics and a Research Professor at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS). She directs the Antibody Immunity Research Unit, an extramural unit of the South African Medical Research Council located at WITS and the National Institute for Communicable Diseases. Moore also holds a joint appointment as an honorary senior scientist at the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Moore directs a team of >40 scientists, postdoctoral researchers and graduate students who investigate HIV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine discovery using integrated virology, immunology and bioinformatics approaches. Moore’s contributions to understanding HIV–antibody coevolution helped define how broadly neutralizing antibodies develop and provided a template for HIV vaccine design. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, Moore repurposed existing laboratory platforms to study SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies, and to define immune evasion by variants of concern. More recently, Moore has expanded her research portfolio to include Ebola virus, influenza virus, cytomegalovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. She has authored more than 200 peer-reviewed publications, and is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences.